20th Century Writers - Ecuadorian Literature

Melvin Hoyos Galarza

Melvin Hoyos Galarza (Guayaquil, January 9, 1956) is an Ecuadorian writer and historian. He has written various books focused on the history of the city of Guayaquil. He served as the Director of the Municipal Library of Guayaquil from 1992-2000, and is currently the Director of Culture and Promotion of the Municipality of Guayaquil. He is a member of the Ecuadorian National Academy of History.

Octavio Cordero Palacios

Octavio Cordero Palacios (Santa Rosa, Azuay, May 3, 1870 – Cuenca, December 17, 1930) was an Ecuadorian writer, poet, playwright, mathematician, lawyer, professor, and inventor. Known for his early literary works such as Gazul (1890) and Los Hijos de Atahualpa (1891), he was also a prolific translator, famously rendering Edgar Allan Poe’s The Raven into Spanish. A graduate of the Universidad de Cuenca, he practiced law and served as a judge while pursuing his intellectual passions, which included pioneering inventions like the Clave Poligráfica, a mechanical translation device. Today, the town where he was born bears his name.

Filoteo Samaniego

Filoteo Samaniego Salazar was an Ecuadorian poet, novelist, translator, historian and diplomat. He was born in Quito on July 11, 1928 and died in the same city on February 21, 2013. Since 1984 he was a member of the Ecuadorian Academy of Language, and was its secretary from 1996–2006. Samaniego’s diplomatic career began in 1949 as the chief of staff of Ecuador’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He served as Ecuador’s Ambassador to Germany, Egypt, Austria and Romania. Among his translations is Cronica, 1961, (originally Chronique, 1960), by the French Nobel laureate Saint-John Perse. Among Samaniegos’ most popular poetry books are Agraz (1956), Relente (1958) and Umiña (1960), and he is the author of the novel Sobre sismos y otros miedos (1991). In 2001 he was awarded Ecuador’s top literary prize, the Eugenio Espejo Award.

Lupe Rumazo

Lupe Rumazo Cobo (Quito, Ecuador, October 14, 1933) is an Ecuadorian writer and essayist known for her philosophical reflections and innovative narrative techniques. Her works, spanning essays, short stories, and novels, explore themes of identity, exile, and existential struggle. Notable authors like Ernesto Sábato, Juana de Ibarbourou, and Benjamín Carrión have prologued her works. A member of the Ecuadorian Academy of Language, the House of Ecuadorian Culture, and the Circle of Venezuelan Writers, she has lived in Venezuela since 1973. Though initially more recognized in Venezuela, she is now regarded as one of Ecuador’s most significant literary figures.

Sonia Manzano Vela

Sonia Manzano Vela is an Ecuadorian poet, novelist, short story writer and pianist. She was born in Guayaquil on February 27, 1947. Her poetry collection Carcoma con forma de paloma (1986) achieved commercial success. Her short story collection Flujo escarlata (1999) won the Joaquín Gallegos Lara National Fiction Prize. Her first novel, Y no abras la ventana todavía (1993) won the first prize in the “Biennial Ecuadorian Novel” contest. Her last novel, Solo de vino a piano lento (2013), was acclaimed by literary critic Antonio Sacoto as the best novel written by an Ecuadorian woman so far in the 21st century.

Rosa Borja de Ycaza

Rosa Borja de Ycaza (Guayaquil, July 30, 1889 – Guayaquil, December 22, 1964) was an Ecuadorian writer, essayist, playwright, sociologist, poet, feminist, and activist. A prominent figure in Ecuadorian intellectual circles, she was a passionate advocate for women’s rights and education, founding the Legión Femenina de Educación Popular and contributing to international feminist movements. She held several key cultural and political roles, including Director of the Centro de Estudios Literarios at the University of Guayaquil and president of the Ecuadorian branch of the Unión de Mujeres Americanas. Her literary works, including plays, poetry, and essays, reflect her deep commitment to social reform and gender equality.

Jorge Velasco Mackenzie

Jorge Velasco Mackenzie is an Ecuadorian novelist, short story writer, poet, playwright and professor. He was born in Guayaquil on January 16, 1949. In 1983, Velasco Mackenzie published his first (and most famous) novel El rincón de los justos. In 1986 he won the “Grupo de Guayaquil” Award for his novel about the Afro-Ecuadorian people, Tambores para una canción perdida. 1996 he won first place in the IV Biennial of the Ecuadorian Novel with his historical novel En nombre de un amor imaginario.

Humberto Vinueza

Humberto Vinueza Rodríguez was a writer and politician. He was born in Guayaquil in 1942 and died in Quito on March 15, 2017. During his lifetime, we published around 15 books, which earned him prestigious prizes such as the José Lezama Lima Prize (Cuba) and the Jorge Carrera Andrade Prize (Ecuador). He was part of the Tzantzismo literary movement of the 1960s Ecuador. In 1970 he published the book Un Gallinazo Cantor Bajo un sol de a perro. This book has been called a fundamental part of Ecuadorian poetry by writers such as Jorge Dávila Vázquez and Abdón Ubidia.

Abdón Ubidia

Abdón Ubidia is a novelist, short story writer and playwright. He was born in Quito in 1944. He is considered one of the most important voices of modern Ecuadorian literature. In 1986 he published Sueño de lobos, which was hailed by critics as the book of the decade. It was translated into English in 1996 as Wolves’ Dream. In 2012, President Rafael Correa awarded Ubidia with the Eugenio Espejo Prize in Literature, Ecuador’s top literary prize. Ubidia’s books have been translated into many languages.

Sara Vanégas Coveña

Sara Vanégas Coveña (Cuenca, October 19, 1950) is an Ecuadorian poet, writer, and educator. She earned a Ph.D. in Germanistics from the Goethe Institute in Munich and has taught at the University of Munich, Bielefeld University, and currently at the Universidad del Azuay in Cuenca. A prolific author, she has published over 30 works, including poetry collections and essays. Vanégas has been honored as a Universal Ambassador of Peace and is a two-time winner of the Jorge Carrera Andrade National Poetry Prize, receiving the award in 2000 and 2004.

María del Carmen Garcés

María del Carmen Garcés is a writer, translator, journalist and historian. She was born in Latacunga in 1958. She has lived in Bolivia, Argentina, United States, Cuba and Chile. One of her best known books is Conversaciones con Pombo: Combatiente de la guerrilla del Che en Bolivia (2011), about her conversations with Harry Villegas Tamayo, aka Pombo, a guerilla fighter who accompanied the revolutionary Che Guevara in Bolivia.

Remigio Crespo Toral

Remigio Crespo Toral was an Ecuadorian poet and writer. He was born in Cuenca on August 4, 1860 and died In the same city on July 8, 1939. In 1905, President Leónidas Plaza Gutiérrez appointed him lawyer of the Republic, to defend Ecuador in its diplomatic conflict with Peru. In 1909, in the centennial of the first cry of independence, Crespo Toral published a book titled Cien años de emancipación. In 1917, he was crowned national poet, by decree of the President Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno, in the Central Park of Cuenca. This was a very important ceremony, which was attended by the entire city, including senior officials like President Baquerizo Moreno, the Ambassadors of the United States, Belgium, Chile, Peru, among others. In 1925, he was appointed Rector of the University of Cuenca, holding this post until his death.

Mary Corylé

María Ramona Cordero y León (Cuenca, May 21, 1894 – Cuenca, May 7, 1976) was an Ecuadorian poet, novelist, journalist, and playwright best known by her pseudonym Mary Corylé. She gained prominence with her poetry collection Canta la vida (1933), which challenged conservative societal norms with its bold themes, including early examples of eroticism in Ecuadorian literature, as seen in her famous poem Bésame (1925). A defender of women’s rights and a prolific writer, Corylé published over 100 works across various genres and also contributed to journalism, education, and archival work, including founding the Municipal Library of Cuenca.

Carmen Acevedo Vega

Carmen Acevedo Vega de Idrobo (Guayaquil, July 16, 1913 – Guayaquil, April 28, 2006) was an eminent Ecuadorian poet, writer, and journalist whose literary career spanned several decades. Known for her profound and lyrical verses, Vega delved into themes of social justice, womanhood, and the human condition, making significant contributions to Ecuadorian literature and culture. Through her work in journalism and membership in various cultural and journalistic institutions, she played a pivotal role in the cultural landscape of Ecuador. Vega’s dedication to exploring complex social themes and her involvement in literary and cultural circles have cemented her legacy as a key figure in Ecuadorian literature.

María Angélica Idrobo

María Angélica Idrobo (July 29, 1890 – February 26, 1956) was a prominent Ecuadorian educator, writer, and pioneering women’s rights activist. Educated in Quito and further trained in Argentina and Uruguay, she excelled in pedagogy, founding notable institutions like Liceo Ariel, Fernández Madrid, and Simón Bolívar. Alongside Zoila Ugarte, Idrobo established the “Sociedad Feminista Luz de Pichincha,” advocating for women’s empowerment. She also created schools for women, significantly contributing to female education. Her literary work, including “Homenaje a las Madres,” reflects her deep commitment to social issues. Idrobo’s enduring legacy continues to inspire in Ecuador’s cultural and educational spheres.